Start with unified measurement point records
Projects, zones, monitoring parameters, measurement point IDs, coordinates, units, and initial values form the basis for aligning data from multiple sources. When different instruments observe the same measurement point, observation methods, instruments, and changes in reference datums must also be recorded.
Observation time and upload time are separate
Manual data may be entered in batches after observations are complete, while automated devices may report with a delay. Analysis should use the original observation time as the basis while retaining the receipt time, avoiding misinterpreting delayed reporting as a sudden site change.
Frequencies vary—do not force-fill
Automated collection and manual observation have different frequencies, so raw data should retain their respective time resolutions. Summary views can aggregate data over agreed periods, but missing data and interpolation must be identified; filled-in values must not be treated as actual observations.
Make data sources clear in reports
Specify manual and automated data sources, observation intervals, and review information in report tables or measurement point records. When comparing anomalous readings, check baselines, units, and instrument status before determining whether an engineering change has occurred.